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Double empathy

The idea that difficulties in understanding between people with and without autism run in both directions. Several small studies support this; it remains a subject of research.

Also called
double empathy problem

The concept of double empathy holds that difficulties in understanding between people with and without autism are mutual. In an experiment, groups of people with autism passed on information as effectively as groups without autism, while mixed groups did so less effectively. [1] In another study, observers without autism rated mixed conversations worst. [2] The samples were small and not representative.

More: Empathy and autism.

Sources and literature

  1. Crompton CJ, Ropar D, Evans-Williams CV, Flynn EG, Fletcher-Watson S: Autistic peer-to-peer information transfer is highly effective. Autism 2020;24(7):1704–1712. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320919286 (PMID 32431157)
  2. Jones DR, Botha M, Ackerman RA, King K, Sasson NJ: Non-autistic observers both detect and demonstrate the double empathy problem when evaluating interactions between autistic and non-autistic adults. Autism 2024;28(8):2053–2065 (online 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231219743 (PMC11308351)

In detail: Empathy and autism: a widespread misunderstanding

Articles on this term

Related terms

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

    Autism spectrum disorder: the name of the diagnosis in the classifications. Two core areas, large differences between people. Context and sources.

  • Masking

    Masking (camouflaging) in autism: strategies for adapting to an environment shaped by people without autism. Definition, context and sources.

  • Cross-sectional study

    A cross-sectional study examines a group at one point in time. It can show associations but cannot prove cause and effect. Definition with examples.

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